Graphene oxide (GO) nanoflakes are two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with unique properties, such as high biocompatibility and exceptional conductivity, and are used in several applications. Here, we discuss the different methods used for the characterization of GO nanoflakes.
Points of GO Nanoflake Characterization Methods:
Characterization Techniques:
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): Used for measuring surface properties such as thickness and roughness of GO nanoflakes with high resolution. It's cost-effective and widely used for analyzing single and multi-layer GO.
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): Provides atomic-scale imaging to reveal structural details, including atomic arrangements and defects in GO nanoflakes.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): Offers high-resolution imaging of surface morphology and structure of GO nanoflakes, though less effective for smaller structures formed after extensive processing.
Raman Spectroscopy: Analyzes molecular interactions, crystallinity, and chemical structure of GO nanoflakes through light scattering, identifying characteristic peaks that indicate the presence and features of graphene.
Key Findings from Studies:
AFM Studies: Characterization of single and four-layer GO nanoflakes showed thicknesses of about 1 nm and 3 nm, respectively, with lengths ranging from 1 to 25 μm.
TEM Studies: Demonstrated successful synthesis of reduced GO nanoflakes and various nanostructures like ribbons and quantum dots through different methods.
SEM Studies: Showed the formation of GO nanoflakes and other shapes such as nano-disks and nano-triangles, validating their synthesis through techniques like pulsed laser ablation.
Raman Spectroscopy: Identified peaks corresponding to graphitized structures, graphene edges, and defects, providing detailed insights into the chemical structure of GO nanoflakes.
Applications of GO Nanoflakes:
GO nanoflakes' high surface area, mechanical strength, and superior optical properties make them suitable for energy storage, biomedical devices, sensors, drug delivery, optoelectronics, and solar cells.
Importance of Multimodal Characterization:
Using multiple characterization techniques is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of GO nanoflakes' properties, aiding in the optimization for various applications.